Jim Dory has brought to my attention that my standby sources for thick walled stainless steel pipe or tubing, have vanished.
Both Tubesales and Kilsby/Roberts phones have been disconnected. They once sold thickwall rudder shaft material. Typically a pair of shafts costed as much as a new Pygmy Kayak, but you could still get them.
For other things I have been using Online Metals, www.onlinemetals.com and
Metalshorts, www.metalshorts.com
The problem is neither of them have pipe heavier than Sch 80. Usually I would specify XX thick. Typically my rudders are higher aspect ratio than most, so the loads are higher. I recall seeing a note last year that Kelsall specified an 1/8″ wall thickness in a rudder shaft for a multi of around 40′. I noted that such a shaft would survive for a few minutes on one of my boats. I forget what he replied.
Another choice is to use high strength stainless Aquamet prop shaft cutoffs. They are heavier being solid, but with such high properties the shaft diameter can be smaller. I can run E x I spreadsheets for anyone needing that.
This does make carbon tubes more attractive, though cruisers will still find the less fragile nature of stainless better. And stainless does have almost 3 times the deflection resistance or modulus of carbon. I recall after multihull guru Mark Evans did a 90 degree sudden turn on the Geko, at about 25 knots, we were still fine. I later discovered that the shaft had deflected so much that the glass halves of the rudder skin had sheared against each other, on the trailing edge of the rudder. The carbon shaft had no problems.
On the big boats I got a surprise that I did not expect. A rudder shaft on one of the 65′ daycharter cats was 3-1/2″ diameter with 3/4″ thick walls. It passed all the calculations for years of service. However, when the rudders were turned, a blast from the props being pushed by a pair of 550 hp Cat engines pasted them back. I did not see that coming.
So, in summary, if anyone knows of a source for thick wall stainless tube or pipe, let me know and I will post here.
The duplex (22 Cr) and super duplex (>25 Cr)stainless steels will give you about double the strength of 304 or 316 as well as superior corrosion (pitting and crevice) resistance. Crevice corrosion is of particular concern where the rudder shaft enters the rudder and the lower bearing.
What about titanium at about half the weight of stainless steel and double the strength (grade 5), and excellent sea water corrosion resistance. I see 26mm bar listed at about $60/ft at Allied Titanium (http://www.alliedtitanium.com/products/mill/bar/vupdc_Results.php?S_UDescription=&S_UCatalogue=&S_UPDCStock=&Search.x=32&Search.y=13&ViewStock=1&S_UGrade=5&S_UMaterial=1&S_UMeasurementSystem=&S_UFirstMeasure=&S_USpecification=&S_USecondMeasure=&S_UGroup=&S_UCategory=&S_USubCategory=). Others may have Schedule 80 pipe in this alloy. A yield moment comparison should get the right size.
Steel is going to be the price leader. Nobody will beat tool steel or SS 316 in price. I do agree with using steel since it is a well known material. A friend on Avatar mono (Swiss) lost his composite rudder and got one made of ordinary tool steel epoxied and painted with 2 zincs for about 5K.
If I remember well a Centa carbon shaft for a tugboat was 100K? a few years back but they went down in price. There is so much carbon for prop shafts that can be used for rudder-posts.
http://www.centa.info/?show=products&c=us&nr=61&what=marine
http://www.ctgltd.com/track-day-products/carbon-fibre-propshafts
http://www.pennstainless.com
Have 304 & 316 heavy wall tubing available. They quoted me for 1.5″ x 0.375″ wall. They also may offer duplex 2205 heavy wall tubing, although they did not have the size I required.
http://www.jefa.com/rudder.htm go with solid shafts??
I am friends w/ Dickie Saltonstall btw. I lived very near Maine Cat when Faamu Sami was being built. Great project.
I’ll leave a comment just to subscribe, in case you get any responses.